BLS Algorithm
BLS Algorithm
Experience Summary
In this experience, perform the steps of DRS ABC as part of the Basic Life Support (BLS) algorithm that should be used when an unconscious patient in encountered.
BLS is a set of fundamental life-saving procedures used to sustain a patient’s breathing and circulation in emergency situations, particularly in cases of cardiac arrest. It is typically performed by healthcare providers or trained first responders until advanced medical help becomes available. The BLS algorithm provides a structured approach to assess and manage individuals experiencing sudden cardiac arrest or collapse, ensuring timely and effective interventions.
Clinical Context
The BLS algorithm begins with assessing the safety of the scene to ensure there is no danger to the rescuer or the victim. Once it is safe, the rescuer checks for a response by gently shaking the patient and shouting. If the person is unresponsive, the rescuer should call for emergency help and either activate the emergency response system or ask a bystander to do so. An automated external defibrillator (AED) should also be obtained if available.
The next step is to check for normal breathing and pulse for no more than 10 seconds. If the patient is not breathing normally and has no pulse, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be initiated immediately. The recommended sequence is 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths (30:2 ratio), ensuring compressions are deep (at least 5 cm in adults) and fast (100–120 compressions per minute). High-quality CPR is critical for maintaining perfusion to vital organs until defibrillation or advanced life support can be administered.
An AED should be used as soon as it becomes available. It will analyse the heart rhythm and guide the rescuer through delivering a shock if a shockable rhythm is detected. Chest compressions should be resumed immediately after the shock and continued until professional help arrives or the patient shows signs of recovery.
The DRS ABC approach is a systematic method used in the early assessment and initial management of a collapsed or unresponsive person. It is typically used at the start of any resuscitation situation:
- D – Danger: Ensure the area is safe for yourself, the patient, and others.
- R – Response: Check for responsiveness by calling out and gently shaking the patient.
- S – Send for help: Call emergency services or instruct someone else to do so.
- A – Airway: Open and check the airway for obstructions.
- B – Breathing: Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing.
- C – Circulation/Compressions: Start chest compressions if there is no pulse or normal breathing.
Learning Outcomes
- Learn the BLS algorithm as applied to a patient who has collapsed in a hospital waiting room
- Practice the process of performing CPR
- Understand that safety and asking for help is key in an emergency situation