SimulationUse this resource in conjunction with your real-world training
Experience Summary
In this experience, observe the World Health Organization (WHO) debriefing for a theatre list in an orthopaedic theatre
Clinical Context
The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist recognises that patient safety is influenced not only by preparation before surgery but also by reflection and evaluation afterwards. The debrief, conducted at the end of a theatre list, provides a structured opportunity for the multidisciplinary team to review the day’s surgical activity. In the clinical environment of modern operating theatres—where multiple teams work across varied procedures, time pressures are significant, and unexpected challenges frequently arise—the debrief serves as an essential tool for continuous improvement. By creating a consistent space to analyse performance, identify learning points, and recognise successes, the debrief supports safer and more efficient future practice.
The importance of the WHO debrief lies in its ability to close the loop on the surgical safety process. It enables teams to discuss what went well, what could have gone better, and what systemic issues may have contributed to delays, equipment problems, or clinical complications. This reflective practice improves the reliability of theatre operations by identifying patterns that may not be apparent during individual cases. For example, recurring equipment shortages, communication gaps, or issues with patient flow can be addressed through targeted actions following the debrief. Moreover, the debrief fosters psychological safety by encouraging team members—regardless of seniority—to voice concerns and feedback. This open communication strengthens team cohesion and promotes a culture where safety and learning are prioritised over blame.
Components Of The Debrief
The components of the WHO post-list debrief typically include a review of the day’s cases, focusing on key events, any intraoperative complications, and deviations from planned procedures. Teams discuss whether safety checks were effectively completed and whether equipment, instruments, and staffing met the demands of the list. Any delays or interruptions are analysed to determine their root causes and potential solutions. Additionally, the debrief provides a formal moment to acknowledge good practice, highlight teamwork, and reinforce positive behaviours observed throughout the day. Action points arising from the discussion are recorded and communicated to relevant departments, ensuring that improvement measures are tracked and implemented.
Learning Outcomes
- Observe the WHO debrief being used in practice.
- Increase understanding of the components of the WHO debriefing checklist.
- Observe the roles of the MDT in the WHO debriefing checklist.
- Increase understanding of the importance of using WHO debriefing checklists in clinical practice.
External Resources