An orthopaedic surgical checklist is a comprehensive, step‑by‑step protocol that verifies the patient’s identity and consent, confirms the correct surgical site and procedure, ensures that all necessary implants, instruments and imaging are present and sterile, reviews critical safety measures such as antibiotic prophylaxis and blood‑loss management, and requires each team member, surgeon, anaesthetist, nurses and technicians, to sign off that every precaution has been taken, thereby minimising errors, enhancing communication, and ultimately improving outcomes for patients undergoing bone and joint operations.