General anaesthesia is a medically induced, reversible state in which a patient experiences complete unconsciousness, loss of pain perception, amnesia and profound muscle relaxation. By suppressing activity across the central nervous system, it enables surgeons to perform invasive procedures without the patient being aware of, or reacting to, the operation. The anaesthetic regimen typically combines inhalational agents, intravenous drugs and adjunct medications to maintain stable vital signs while ensuring rapid onset and smooth recovery once the procedure is finished. This controlled depth of sedation is carefully monitored by an anaesthetist, who adjusts dosages in real‑time to keep the patient safe and comfortable throughout the surgery.