Renal medicine, also known as nephrology, is a specialised field within general medicine that focuses on diagnosing and treating kidney diseases. Nephrologists manage conditions such as inherited kidney disorders (like polycystic kidney disease), autoimmune disorders affecting the kidneys, and kidney tumours.

Peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that creates a permanent, sterile pathway into the abdominal cavity, allowing dialysis fluid to flow in and out for continuous kidney‑replacement therapy.

Renal biopsy is a procedure performed by interventional radiologists and nephrologists. It is an important skill used to diagnose causes of acute and chronic kidney disease.