Maternal medicine focuses on the health and well-being of pregnant individuals, especially those with complex medical conditions during pregnancy. It combines expertise in obstetrics and internal medicine to manage risks for both the parent and baby. This specialty plays a crucial role in improving outcomes through tailored care before, during, and after pregnancy.

Obstetric anaesthesia is a specialised field focused on providing pain relief and anaesthesia during childbirth and related procedures. It ensures the safety and comfort of both the mother and the baby through techniques such as epidurals and spinal blocks.

Uterine rupture during pregnancy is a rare but serious complication, often necessitating an emergency perimortem caesarean section to improve maternal and fetal outcomes by relieving pressure and increasing maternal cardiac output.